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Harris Isbell, M.D. (June 7, 1910 - December 23, 1994) was the director of research for the NIMH Addiction Research Center at the Public Health Service Hospital in Lexington, Kentucky from 1945 to 1963. He did extensive research on the physical and psychological effects of various drugs on humans (imprisoned narcotics offenders, see below). Early work investigated aspects of physical dependence(an important aspect of drug addiction) with opiates and barbiturates, while later work (at least partially funded by the Central Intelligence Agency as part of the MKUltra project)〔Marks JD. 1991. ''The Search for the "Manchurian Candidate"''. W.W. Norton.〕〔Lee, MA. 1994. ''Acid Dreams: The Complete Social History of LSD''. Grove Press.〕〔Campbell ND, Olsen JP, Walden L. 2008. ''The Narcotics Farm''. Harry N. Abrams.〕 investigated psychedelic drugs, including LSD. The research was extensively reported in academic journals such as the ''Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics'', ''Psychopharmacologia'', and the AMA ''Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry''. ==Biography== He was born on June 7, 1910 in Arkansas to Dr. Francis Taylor Isbell, M.D. and Celeste Mathews. He received his M.D. from Tulane University School of Medicine in 1934, and held various research positions before becoming head of the Addiction Research Center (ARC) in 1945. He was awarded the US Public Health Service Meritorious Service Award in 1962; Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy praised him as "an extraordinarily able director and coordinator of multidisciplinary research" and "an outstanding investigator in his own right whose work in clinical pharmacology has exerted far-reaching influences on medical practice". After leaving the ARC in 1963, he became Professor of Medicine and Pharmacology at the University of Kentucky School of Medicine. Isbell and his associates (including Abraham Wikler) published extensively on the effects of drugs (including opiates, synthetic opioids, barbiturates, alcohol, amphetamine, ibogaine, multiple psychedelics, and THC) on human subjects, with over 125 publications.〔 Among their experimental results were the qualitative and quantitative documentation of physical dependence on barbiturates, physical dependence on alcohol, tolerance to amphetamine, investigation and therapeutic use of opiate antagonists (e.g., nalorphine as an overdose treatment), 〔Jasinski DR. ''Clinical Aspects of Opiate Antagonists and Partial Agonists''. pp 118-124 in Martin and Isbell(1978).〕 rapid tolerance but lack of physical dependence with LSD, the ability of methadone to alleviate opiate withdrawal symptoms, cross-tolerance between LSD and psilocybin, and the ability of pure THC to cause marijuana-like effects. New pharmaceutical substances were assayed (in the prisoner population) for their abuse and addiction(substance dependence) potential (medications for pain, cough, and diarrhea were of particular concern),〔Fraser, HF. ''Methods for Evaluating the Overall Abuse Liability of Weak Opiate-like Drugs''. pp 42-62 in Martin and Isbell(1978).〕 and this information was utilized by groups such as the World Health Organization.〔Martin WR and Isbell, H (eds). 1978. ''Drug Addiction and the US Public Health Service''. National Institute of Drug Abuse. The entire book is available online at http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011324881〕〔Campbell ND. 2007. ''Discovering Addiction: The Science and Politics of Substance Abuse Research''. University of Michigan Press.〕 Other work at the ARC during Isbell's tenure included psychological aspects of human opiate addiction (e.g., re-arousal of craving after abstinence upon return to the addiction environment, i.e. a "conditioned" response), 〔Wikler A. ''Neurophysiological and Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Opioid Dependence''. pp 63-88 in Martin and Isbell(1978).〕 EEG studies of mental activity during phases of drug use,〔Kay DC. ''Electroencephalographic and Sleep Studies of Psychoactive Drugs ''. pp 140-151 in Martin and Isbell(1978).〕 and animal studies.〔 He died on December 23, 1994 in Lexington, Kentucky. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Harris Isbell」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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